The Emerging Geopolitics of Hydrogen: Navigating Uncertainty and Industrial Legacies Within the Net-Zero Transition

This final chapter provides an overview of how hydrogen policies are taking shape in the major economies covered in this volume and discusses their implications. The chapter begins with a review of domestic hydrogen policies, highlighting key features and their similarities and differences across the countries. We discuss the different approaches to production technologies, priority uses of hydrogen, the focus and design of support schemes, and the role of industrial policy. We conclude this part of the chapter with a brief reflection on the changing geopolitical environment and how this has affected domestic hydrogen policies and politics. We then move on to contrast the main features of international hydrogen policy engagement, linking it to domestic strategies and interests. The chapter closes with a reflection on how hydrogen policy developments in the major economies that are presented in this book are likely to affect global decarbonization efforts and the related geopolitics.